葡萄美酒面面观 Interesting things about wines

发布时间：2020-03-04 14:52:55 来源：责任编辑：陈美琪阅读量：

酿酒好葡萄都种在哪?

Where are wine-making grapes grown?

绝大多数种植酿酒葡萄的葡萄园都位于北纬30°-50°及南纬30°-50°的地带。这是因为这些地方的气温，日照等条件最适合高品质葡萄生长。纬度大于50°太冷，小于30°又太热。
Most vineyards are located within a band between 30° and 50° north or south of equator. This has been due to the fact that the temperature, sunlight and so on are most suitable for quality grapes to grow. When the latitude is greater than 50°, it would be too cold for good grapes to grow, and if the latitude is less than 30°, it becomes too hot.

老世界和新世界
Old world and new world

法国，意大利，西班牙等国家产的葡萄酒称为旧世界葡萄酒；澳大利亚，美国，智利，南非，中国等国家产的葡萄酒称为新世界葡萄酒。
The wine producing countries in western Europe including France, Italy and Spain are called old world, while wine producing countries in rest of the world such as Australia, USA, Chile, Argentine, South Africa and China are termed new world.

有机葡萄酒
Organic wines

在葡萄园里，有时杀菌剂会用来防治病害，杀虫剂会用来防治虫害，除草剂会用于消灭杂草。使用这些化学物质可能引起副作用；葡萄种植者总是设法少用这些。如果完全不用化学喷雾种出的葡萄则称为有机葡萄；酿出来的酒称为有机葡萄酒。不过，即使在有机葡萄园，有时仍允许使用适量杀菌剂以防治最糟糕状态的病害。
In vineyards, sometimes fungicides are sprayed to kill fungi；pesticides are applied to kill pests，and herbicides are utilized to keep the weeds under control. If none of these chemicals is used, the vineyard is called organic；the resulting wines are named organic wines. However, limited sprays of fungicides may still be permitted in an organic vineyard to keep the worst of fungi diseases under control。

葡萄产量
Yield of grapes

产量，是衡量单位面积的土壤能产出多少葡萄。产量与气温，阳光，水分，肥料等多因素有关。产量如果太高，会淡化和降低葡萄的品质；反之如果太低，种植成本会高，经济上不合算。在某些葡萄园区，产量上限甚至有明文规定。
Yield is the measure of quantity of grapes produced per unit of soil area. The yield is dependent upon heat, sunlight, water, nutrients and so on. If the yields are too high, the quality of grapes could have diluted and lowered, and on the other hand, when the yields are too low, the cost of grape crop would have increased and become economically not viable. In some districts, the yield of grapes are capped by regulation.

老藤萄萄酒
Old vine wines

老藤结出的葡萄，一般认为品质好些。这是因为老藤的葡萄产量一般会低些。较低的产量可能导致更好的品质。同时，也可能基于 “物以稀为贵”的考虑。
Wines brewed from grapes produced from older vines are generally regarded as being of better quality, perhaps, because older vines normally produce smaller number of grapes. Lower yields could lead to better quality. Meanwhile, it could also be due to the common belief that the rarer things might have better regarded.

葡萄酒的年份
Vintage of wines

有人问，葡萄酒的年份是不是越老越好？不一定。酒瓶标签上标明的年份是指葡萄是哪年采摘的。这一信息告诉购买者，什么时候饮用最好。很多酒是年份不老时饮用最好。有些葡萄酒，装瓶后在瓶内继续有老化作用，而这种老化作用又能使酒的品质随时间延长而变得更好，这样的葡萄酒才是年份老的更好。
When it is asked：does the vintage stated on a wine label mean the older the vintage is， the better of the quality of the wine？The answer is: not necessarily so. The vintage refers to the year when the grapes were harvested. This tells consumers when it is the best to consume the wine. Most wines are best drunk when they are young. However, some wines are of bottle ageing during which time they add additional good quality. For such wines, perhaps the older, the better.

待续（to be continued）（文/陈亚东）

作者陈亚东博士，原籍湘潭，到澳三十多年。现居悉尼，任澳大利亚湖南会会长和大洋洲湖南总商会会长。

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